2024 Hesi quizlet med surg

Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Guaiac Occult Test. What lab is most important?, Patient had BDP 3 months ago with dehydration. What would warrant the nurse immediate intervention?, A patient with Parkinson's freezes pretends there is a crack on the floor and goes into ventricular tachycardia what should the nurse do and more.. Goanimate rosie gets grounded

Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like In a person without diabetes, glucose levels are maintained within the normal range through the action of hormones secreted by the pancreas. One of these hormones enables the transport of glucose into cells to be used for energy. This hormone is: Hint: This hormone is secreted by the pancreas in response to blood glucose. A ...Our extensive set of 2500 Hesi Medical Surgical Practice Questions is tailored to these key topics, offering a comprehensive preparation tool. For a deeper exploration of Hesi …MED SURG HESI EXIT EXAM/Latest 2022/Test Bank. Following discharge teaching, a male client with duodenal ulcer tells the nurse the he will drink plenty of dairy products, such as milk, to help coat and protect his ulcer. What is the best follow-up action by the nurse? (ANS- Review with the client the need to avoid foods that are rich in milk ...Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome (HHS) cause: blood glucose is too high for too long leading to severe dehydration, thirst, fever, dry mouth, and confusion. treatment: fluids (NS), IV insulin, and electrolyte replacement. less common than DKA but more dangerous, occurs in …RAIFFEISENLANDESBK.OBERÖSTERR.EO-MED.-TERM SCHULDV. 15(27)16 (AT0000A1CB74) - All master data, key figures and real-time diagram. The Raiffeisenlandesbank Oberösterreich AG-Bond ha...Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like A Nurse is caring fo a client with diabetes insipidus. Which data warrants the most immediate intervention by the nurse? A. serum sodium of 185 mEq/L B. dry skin w/ inelastic turgor C. apical rate of 110 bpm D. polyuria and excessive thirst, The nurse is obtaining the admission history for a …Popular books. Biology Mary Ann Clark, Jung Choi, Matthew Douglas. College Physics Raymond A. Serway, Chris Vuille. Essential Environment: The Science Behind the Stories Jay H. Withgott, Matthew Laposata. Everything's an Argument with 2016 MLA Update University Andrea A Lunsford, University John J Ruszkiewicz. Lewis's …The best way to study. Sign up for free. By signing up, you accept Quizlet's Terms of Service and ...Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like BUN, RBC, WBC and more. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like BUN, RBC, WBC and more. Home. Subjects. Expert solutions. Create. Study sets, textbooks, questions. Log in. Sign up. ... MED SURG HESI MNEMONICS. 26 terms. taezell. HESI Medical …If you are in the healthcare industry, here is an insight into the role of a med tech job description so you can hire the right person. A Med Tech, or Medical Technologist, plays a...HESI: Med-Surg: Renal System. Acute Renal Failure. Click the card to flip 👆. -Alterations in urinary output; edema; weight gain. -Change in mental status; drowsiness; headache. -limit fluid & sodium intake. -low protein, moderate fat, high carbohydrate diet. -hyperkalemia (normal:3.5-5 mEq/L) Click the card to flip 👆.HESI: Med-Surg: Gastrointestinal System. Hiatal Hernia. Click the card to flip 👆. -Herniation of the esophagogastric junction and a portion of the stomach into the chest through the esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm. -Don't eat: caffeine, catsup, strawberries, and chocolate. -Stop eating 3 hours before bedtime & sit up for 1 hours after eating.A. Frequent use of chewable and liquid antacids for indigestion. B. Severe abdominal cramps and diarrhea after eating spicy foods. C. Upper mid-abdominal pain described as gnawing and burning. D. Marked loss of weight and appetite over the last 3 or 4 months. C. Upper mid-abdominal pain described as gnawing and burning.The best way to study. Sign up for free. By signing up, you accept Quizlet's Terms of Service and ...Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Patient Scenario: A 68-year-old patient presents to the hospital with abdominal pain and distension. The patient has a history of chronic alcohol abuse. Which condition should the nurse suspect?, Patient Scenario: A 45-year-old patient with type 2 diabetes has a blood glucose level of 360 …Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like A The use of traction for long bone fractures reduces the potential for damage to the surrounding tissues. Reports of increased pain may indicate circulatory compromise or tissue damage (compartment syndrome). Assessing the client's neurovascular status is the nurse's highest priority., D Chronic bronchitis, one of the diseases ...1. A primigravid client at 26 weeks' gestation asks the nurse what causes heartburn. during pregnancy. The nurse should explain to the client that heartburn during pregnancy. is usually caused by which of the following? 1. Increased peristaltic action during pregnancy. 2. Displacement of the stomach by the diaphragm.Matador is a travel and lifestyle brand redefining travel media with cutting edge adventure stories, photojournalism, and social commentary. I GREW UP SKIING the rugged Eastern sea...MED SURG 2024 HESI PRACTICE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS. The nurse is assessing a 48-year-old client with a history of smoking during a routine clinic visit. The client, who … A.Facial muscle spasms. B.Sudden facial pain. Trigeminal neuralgia is characterized by paroxysms of pain, similar to an electric shock, in the area innervated by one or more branches of the trigeminal nerve (cranial V). A 74-year-old male client is admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) with a diagnosis of respiratory failure secondary to ... Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like What instruction should the nurse include in the discharge teaching plan of a client who had a cataract extraction today? a.39 terms. Maggie_Kettleman. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like What urinalysis lab value is physiologically acceptable in an older adult?, What is the most important nursing priority for a client who has been admitted for a possible kidney stone?, What pain medication is contraindicated in a pt with asthma? and more.Club Med and Snowbasin halt development plans, making U.S. skiers wait longer for any truly all-inclusive options. It was big news that the all-inclusive brand Club Med was coming ...Medication for your brain – whether you’re newly diagnosed or have been in treatment for years, you may (Transcript Available Below) About The Not Crazy Podcast Hosts Gabe Howard i...Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome (HHS) cause: blood glucose is too high for too long leading to severe dehydration, thirst, fever, dry mouth, and confusion. treatment: fluids (NS), IV insulin, and electrolyte replacement. less common than DKA but more dangerous, occurs in type 2.Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like An adult client who is hospitalized after surgery reports sudden onset of chest pain and dyspnea. The client appears anxious, restless, and mildly cyanotic. ... HESI RN Case Studies Med Surg Practice Exam(Rationales) 50 terms. cauthement10. Preview. Thoracic Orthos. 8 terms. …Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like The nurse is assessing a 48-year-old client with a history of smoking during a routine clinic visit. The client, who exercises regularly, reports having pain in the calf during exercise that disappears at rest. Which of the following findings requires further evaluation? 1. Heart rate 57 bpm. 2. SpO2 of 94% on room air. 3. Blood ... Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like A 20-year-old female client calls the nurse to report a lump she found in her breast. Which response is the best for the nurse to provide? A) Check it again in one month, and if it is still there schedule an appointment. B) Most lumps are benign, but it is always best to come in for an examination. C) Try not to worry too much ... 83 of 83. Quiz yourself with questions and answers for Hesi Final Study Questions: Med Surg II, so you can be ready for test day. Explore quizzes and practice tests created by teachers and students or create one from your course material.Med-Surg HESI Practice Questions Flashcards Quizlet. Hesi. Course. Transition to Registered Nursing (NUR 240) 14Documents. Students shared 14 documents in this …Our extensive set of 2500 Hesi Medical Surgical Practice Questions is tailored to these key topics, offering a comprehensive preparation tool. For a deeper exploration of Hesi …Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like In a person without diabetes, glucose levels are maintained within the normal range through the action of hormones secreted by the pancreas. One of these hormones enables the transport of glucose into cells to be used for energy. This hormone is: Hint: This hormone is secreted …Compression of median nerve. *intervention for pain and tingling that worsens at night is to wear brace on both hands OR shaking hands. *associated with activities requiring continuous wrist movement. *women are more likely to develop this. *s/s : weakness, pain, numbness, impaired sensation of median nerve, clumsiness in fine hand movements.Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like An older client is seen in the clinic for an annual physical exam. Which finding should the practical nurse report to the healthcare provider for follow-up? A) Hemoglobin 9.1 grams/dl with positive occult blood in stool. B) Serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) level is low. C) Bowel sounds …B. Assess for changes in size of lymph nodes. C. Maintain a fluid intake of 3 to 4 L per day. D. Administer narcotic analgesic around the clock., 58-year-old client who has been post-menopausal for five years is concerned about the risk for osteoporosis because her mother has the condition.The nurse in the intensive care unit (ICU) is caring for a patient diagnosed with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Vital signs prior to endotracheal intubation: HR 108 bpm, RR 32 bpm, BP 88/58 mm Hg, and oxygen saturation 82%. The patient is intubated and placed on mechanical ventilation with positive pressure ventilation.An irregular heart rate indicates the presence of a dysrhythmia. A coagulation time of 5 minutes is normal. A urinary output of 50 mL/hour is an adequate output. A blood urea nitrogen level of 20 mg/dL (7.1 mmol/L) is a normal finding. Acromegaly results from excess secretion of growth hormone, usually caused by.Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like List four categories of burns., Burn depth is a measure of severity. Describe the characteristics of superficial partial-thickness, deep partial-thickness, and full-thickness burns., Describe fluid management in the emergent phase, acute phase, and rehabilitation phase of the burned client. and more.the surgical puncture of the chest wall with a needle to obtain fluid from the pleural cavity. place your left hand behind the patient to support the right eleventh and twelfth ribs. Press the left hand forward and place the right hand on patients right abdomen later to the rectus muscle. 65 of 96.Quizlet has study tools to help you learn anything. Improve your grades and reach your goals with flashcards, practice tests and expert-written solutions today. The. client's pulse rate is 43 beats/min. The nurse is most concerned about the client's history related to. which medication? Digoxin. The nurse is caring for a client who is one day post-acute myocardial infarction. The client is receiving. oxygen at 2 L/min via nasal cannula and has a peripheral saline lock. The nurse notes that the client is. View MED SURG 1 HESI Flashcards | Quizlet.pdf from NUR 1141 at Miami Dade College, Miami. MED SURG 1 HESI Flashcards | Quizlet 12/1/21, 6:49 PM CYBER WEEK DEAL - 60% off Quizlet Plus Ends in d h mNov 15, 2022 ... evolve med surg hesi quiz. Teacher50 terms. Profile Picture · mrpsychnp. Preview. Med Surg II Chapter 35. 30 terms. Profile Picture · dpaterra1.Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like A The use of traction for long bone fractures reduces the potential for damage to the surrounding tissues. Reports of increased pain may indicate circulatory compromise or tissue damage (compartment syndrome). Assessing the client's neurovascular status is the nurse's highest priority., D Chronic bronchitis, one of the diseases ...Addison's Disease Characteristics. Low BP, Low Weight, Low Temp - Cold intolerance. Low Hair- Alopecia. Low Mood - Depression. Low Energy- Fatigue. Low Sodium - below 135 - hyponatremia.Low Glucose, Low or absent periods- amenorrhea. High Pigmentation - Bronze Pigmentation. High Potassium - Hyperkalemia. A) Place a chair at a right angle to the bedside. B) Encourage deep breathing prior to standing. C) Help the client to sit and dangle legs on the side of the bed. D) Allow the client to sit with the bed in a high Fowler's position. D) Allow the client to sit with the bed in a high Fowler's position. Nursing. HESI - Medical Surgical Nursing. 4.6 (14 reviews) When describing patient education approaches, the nurse educator would explain that informal teaching is an approach that. a. follows formalized plans. b. has standardized content. c. often occurs one-to-one. d. addresses group needs. amount of urine left in the bladder after voiding. visible painless hematuria, pelvic or back pain. 20 of 20. Quiz yourself with questions and answers for Med surg exam 4 HESI, so you can be ready for test day. Explore quizzes and practice tests created by teachers and students or create one from your course material. Dehydration. *no water, no salt, or both*. Inadequate fluid intake. vomiting & diarrhea. Low-sodium diet or no sodium intake. Can be caused by sodium or water loss. watch for changes in skin turgor, hypovolemia, tachycardia, weak pulse, confusion, thirst, dry skin, skicky or dry mucous membranes, weight loss, urine concentrated.1. A primigravid client at 26 weeks' gestation asks the nurse what causes heartburn. during pregnancy. The nurse should explain to the client that heartburn during pregnancy. is usually caused by which of the following? 1. Increased peristaltic action during pregnancy. 2. Displacement of the stomach by the diaphragm.The client should be placed on contact precautions. A client with a history of hypertension, myocardial infarction, and heart failure is admitted to the surgical intensive care unit after coronary artery bypass surgery graft (CABG). The nurse determines the client's serum potassium level is 4.5 mEq/L.Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like When educating a client after a total laryngectomy, which instruction would be most important for the nurse to include in the discharge teaching? A. Recommend that the client carry suction equipment at all times. B. Instruct the client to have writing materials with him at all times. C. Tell the client to carry a medical alert ...Here is how to score over 850 in your Hesi, ATI Exams for Hesi Medical Surgical Exam! In this video I mention heavily tested topics and topics you must revie...EVOLVE MED SURG HESI. Get a hint. The nurse is concerned about infection for a client after an esophagogastrostomy for esophageal cancer. Which actions should the nurse include in the client's plan of care? (Select all that apply.) A. Frequent oral care every 2 hours while awake. B. Use incentive spirometer every 2 hours.The Daily App Deals post is a round-up of the best app discounts of the day, as well as some notable mentions for ones that are on sale. The Daily App Deals post is a round-up of t...a. cover the burned area with sterile gauze. b. inspect mouth for signs of inhalation. c. administer intravenous pain medication. d. draw blood for a CBC. b. inspect mouth for signs of inhalation. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like 1. A nurse in a burn treatment center is caring for a client who is admitted with ...The best way to study. Sign up for free. By signing up, you accept Quizlet's Terms of Service and ...Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like A female client receiving IV vasopressin for esophageal varice rupture reports to the nurse that she feels substernal tightness and pressure across her chest. Which PRN protocol should the nurse initiate? A) Start and IV nitroglycerin infusion. B) Nasogastric lavage with cool saline. C) Increase the vasopressin infusion. Prepare ...Explore the role of a surgical technologist, their responsibilities, skills, training, and impact on patient care in the healthcare industry. Surgical technologists, often referred...Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like An adult client who is hospitalized after surgery reports sudden onset of chest pain and dyspnea. The client appears anxious, restless, and mildly cyanotic. ... HESI RN Case Studies Med Surg Practice Exam(Rationales) 50 terms. cauthement10. Preview. Thoracic Orthos. 8 terms. …1. A primigravid client at 26 weeks' gestation asks the nurse what causes heartburn. during pregnancy. The nurse should explain to the client that heartburn during pregnancy. is usually caused by which of the following? 1. Increased peristaltic action during pregnancy. 2. Displacement of the stomach by the diaphragm.An irregular heart rate indicates the presence of a dysrhythmia. A coagulation time of 5 minutes is normal. A urinary output of 50 mL/hour is an adequate output. A blood urea nitrogen level of 20 mg/dL (7.1 mmol/L) is a normal finding. Acromegaly results from excess secretion of growth hormone, usually caused by.Med Surg 2 HESI. What does it mean when there is no fluctuation in the water seal chamber of a chest tube? The tubing may be kinked or there may be an occlusion. Start studying Med Surg 2 HESI. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools.amount of urine left in the bladder after voiding. visible painless hematuria, pelvic or back pain. 20 of 20. Quiz yourself with questions and answers for Med surg exam 4 HESI, so you can be ready for test day. Explore quizzes and practice tests created by teachers and students or create one from your course material.If you are in the healthcare industry, here is an insight into the role of a med tech job description so you can hire the right person. A Med Tech, or Medical Technologist, plays a...Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like The nurse is providing postprocedure care to a client who had a cardiac catheterization. The client begins to manifest signs and symptoms associated with embolization. Which action should the nurse take? Notify the primary healthcare provider immediately Apply a warm, moist compress …Interested in staying at Club Med Cancun but don't know what to expect? Here's the full scoop to help you decide if it's right for you. Mexico’s Club Med Cancun offers a unique ble...HESI: med surg. Get a hint. Burns. Click the card to flip 👆. Tissue injury or necrosis caused by transfer of energy from a heat source to the body. Click the card to flip 👆. 1 / 222.Med-Surg HESI Flashcards | Quizlet. 5.0 (1 review) A female client with a nasogastric tube attached to low suction states that she is nauseated. The nurse assesses that there has been no drainage through the nasogastric tube in the last 2 hours. Which action should the nurse take first? A. Irrigate the nasogastric tube with sterile normal saline.a. Place their body weight on the crutches. b. Advance the unaffected leg onto the stair. c. Shift their weight from the crutches to the unaffected leg. d. Then bring the crutches and the affected leg up to the stairs. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like A home health nurse is assigned to a client who was recently ...BotoPlace specializes in just one med spa service, Botox, and by focusing on this niche it has allowed the company to thrive. There are tons of Med Spas around the U.S. Most offer ...HESI: Med-Surg: Renal System. Acute Renal Failure. Click the card to flip 👆. -Alterations in urinary output; edema; weight gain. -Change in mental status; drowsiness; headache. -limit fluid & sodium intake. -low protein, moderate fat, high carbohydrate diet. -hyperkalemia (normal:3.5-5 mEq/L) Click the card to flip 👆.MED SURG 1 HESI Flashcards | Quizlet.pdf - MED SURG 1 HESI... Doc Preview. Pages 7. Identified Q&As 16. Solutions available. Total views 100+. Miami Dade College, Miami. …A) Tinnitus, vertigo, and hearing difficulties. B) Sudden, stabbing, severe pain over the lip and chin. C) Facial weakness and paralysis. D) Difficulty in chewing, talking, and swallowing. B) Sudden, stabbing, severe pain over the lip and chin. Trigeminal neuralgia is characterized by paroxysms of pain, similar to an electric shock, in the area ...Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Which description of symptoms is characteristic of a client diagnosed with trigeminal neuralgia (tic douloureux)? A) Tinnitus, vertigo, and hearing difficulties. B) Sudden, stabbing, severe pain over the lip and chin. C) Facial weakness and paralysis. D) Difficulty in chewing, talking, and …Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Patient Scenario: A 68-year-old patient presents to the hospital with abdominal pain and distension. The patient has a history of chronic alcohol abuse. Which condition should the nurse suspect?, Patient Scenario: A 45-year-old patient with type 2 diabetes has a blood glucose level of 360 … c. The client reports feeling as tired as at the last visit by the nurse. d. Upon entering the home, the PN noticed dirty dishes and clothing scattered around the home. b. A weight loss of 5 pounds since the last monthly home visit. A weight loss of 5 pounds in 1 month is a concern. MED SURG HESI EXIT EXAM/Latest 2022/Test Bank. Following discharge teaching, a male client with duodenal ulcer tells the nurse the he will drink plenty of dairy products, such as milk, to help coat and protect his ulcer. What is the best follow-up action by the nurse? (ANS- Review with the client the need to avoid foods that are rich in milk ...Initiate continuous cardiac monitoring. Hypokalemia (normal 3.5 to 5 mEq/L [3.5 to 5 mmol/L]) causes changes in myocardial irritability and ECG waveform, so it is most important for the nurse to initiate continuous cardiac monitoring to identify ventricular ectopy or other life-threatening dysrhythmias.A.Facial muscle spasms. B.Sudden facial pain. Trigeminal neuralgia is characterized by paroxysms of pain, similar to an electric shock, in the area innervated by one or more branches of the trigeminal nerve (cranial V). A 74-year-old male client is admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) with a diagnosis of respiratory failure secondary to ...39 terms. Maggie_Kettleman. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like What urinalysis lab value is physiologically acceptable in an older adult?, What is the most important nursing priority for a client who has been admitted for a possible kidney stone?, What pain medication is contraindicated in a pt with asthma? and more. A.Facial muscle spasms. B.Sudden facial pain. Trigeminal neuralgia is characterized by paroxysms of pain, similar to an electric shock, in the area innervated by one or more branches of the trigeminal nerve (cranial V). A 74-year-old male client is admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) with a diagnosis of respiratory failure secondary to ...

Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like The nurse is providing postprocedure care to a client who had a cardiac catheterization. The client begins to manifest signs and symptoms associated with embolization. Which action should the nurse take? Notify the primary healthcare provider immediately Apply a warm, moist compress …. Freightliner regen light

provide oxygen. A client status post-48 hours femoral rod placement surgery, suddenly complains of chest pain and becomes short of breath, pale, and diaphoretic. The practical nurse (PN) immediately assesses their vital signs and obtains 100/80 mm Hg blood pressure, 110 beats/min heart rate, and 36 breaths/min respiratory rate. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like A client with a productive cough has obtained a sputum specimen for culture as instructed. What is the best initial nursing action?, A client is brought to the ED by ambulance in cardiac arrest with cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in progress.The client is intubated and is receiving 100% oxygen per self-inflating (ambu) bag ...Select the 5 assessment findings that are consistent with acute rheumatic fever. murmur. opening snap. joint pain. painless nodules over elbows. previous sore throat and upper respiratory infection. After initiating antibiotic therapy on a client with syphilis, the nurse suspects a Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction (JHR).15 minutes. A client with HTN who has been taking labetalol ... Hypertension. -Equal to or greater than 140/90 mmHg. -Cause: steroids or estrogen. -Meds can cause hypokalemia. Postural Hypotension. Difference of more than 10 mm Hg of either systolic or diastolic. Hypokalemia Symptoms. Dry mouth, thirst, weakness, drowsiness, lethargy, muscle aches, tachycardia. Raynaud Disease. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like An older client is seen in the clinic for an annual physical exam. Which finding should the practical nurse report to the healthcare provider for follow-up? A) Hemoglobin 9.1 grams/dl with positive occult blood in stool. B) Serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) level is low. C) Bowel sounds auscultated with occasional borborygmi ... Nov 15, 2022 ... evolve med surg hesi quiz. Teacher50 terms. Profile Picture · mrpsychnp. Preview. Med Surg II Chapter 35. 30 terms. Profile Picture · dpaterra1. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like A female client with a nasogastric tube attached to low suction states that she is nauseated. The nurse assesses that there has been no drainage through the nasogastric tube in the last 2 hours. Which action should the nurse take first? A. Irrigate the nasogastric tube with sterile normal saline. B. Reposition the client on her ... Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like An older client is seen in the clinic for an annual physical exam. Which finding should the practical nurse report to the healthcare provider for follow-up? A) Hemoglobin 9.1 grams/dl with positive occult blood in stool. B) Serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) level is low. C) Bowel sounds …Disease that affects the superficial mucosa of the large intestine and rectum, causing the bowel to eventually narrow, shorten, and thicken due to muscular hypertrophy. Symptoms: diarrhea, abdominal pain and cramping, liquid stools containing blood, mucus, and pus (may pass 10 to 20 liquid stools per day), anemia.Med Surg 2 HESI. What does it mean when there is no fluctuation in the water seal chamber of a chest tube? The tubing may be kinked or there may be an occlusion. Start studying Med Surg 2 HESI. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools..

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