9.) Anthony Johnson would not win his case against Castor until 1655, at least 15 years after the first confirmed court case of indentured servitude for life. 10.) The United States didn't exist in 1655. So, no matter what way we look at it, there's absolutely no way in which Anthony Johnson can be considered the first slave owner in the United ... Anthony Johnson, a Black Angolan, was an indentured servant brought to the James River area of Virginia on the ship James in 1621. [4] During the late 1640s, Johnson moved with his family to Northampton County on the Eastern Shore of Virginia. [5] He acquired property on Pungoteague Creek and began raising livestock. [4] Anthony Johnson (c. 1600 – 1670) was an Angolan-born man who achieved wealth in the early 17th-century Colony of Virginia. Held as an indentured servant in 1621, he earned his freedom after several years and was granted land by the colony. He later became a tobacco farmer in Maryland. He attained great wealth … See moreAug 16, 2016 · A former indentured servant himself, Anthony Johnson was a so-called "free negro" who owned a 250-acre farm in Virginia during the 1650s, with five indentured servants under contract to him. Watch full episode here: https://youtu.be/PN1KgMwZrJ8Anthony Johnson was a man known for achieving wealth in the early 17th-century Colony of Virginia. Born ...Jul 9, 2020 · A user on Twitter claimed, "Of course the first slave owner Anthony Johnson (Black) 1655 began all-out slavery in America under British rule." But there is only some truth to that. According to court records from 1655, Anthony was the master to a Black servant named John Casor, who went on to be recognized as the first person that was ... CNN —. American MMA lightweight fighter Anthony ‘Rumble’ Johnson has died at the age of 38 from an undisclosed illness, according to Bellator MMA. “It is with great sadness we acknowledge ...t. e. Elizabeth Key Grinstead (or Greenstead) (1630 – January 20, 1665) was one of the first Black people in the Thirteen Colonies to sue for freedom from slavery and win. Key won her freedom and that of her infant son, John Grinstead, on July 21, 1656, in the Colony of Virginia . Key based her suit on the fact that her father was an ...1860 U.S. Census, Attala County, Mississippi, slave schedule, Township 16 Range 9 E, page 36, Eighth Census of the United States, 1860, microfilm publication M653, FS Library Film 1,438 rolls (Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration), roll 595. After you identify the slave owner of your research subject, …In August of 1670, several months after Anthony Johnson's death, a jury in a Virginia court decided that, because "he was a Negro and by consequence an alien," ownership of the 250 acres Johnson ... Anthony Johnson was a seventeenth-century enslaved man who obtained freedom and established himself as a successful planter on Virginia's eastern shore. Details of Johnson’s birth are unknown, though it is supposed that he was born a free man in Africa. Most sources state that he arrived in Virginia aboard the James in 1621, listed as a ... In August of 1670, several months after Anthony Johnson's death, a jury in a Virginia court decided that, because "he was a Negro and by consequence an alien," ownership of the …تحقيق مسبار. Misbar’s investigation concluded that Anthony Johnson was not the first slave owner in America. Johnson arrived in Virginia as either an indentured servant or a slave (records aren’t exactly clear) in 1621 and worked on a tobacco plantation owned by Edward Bennett. Sometime between 1625 and 1640, Johnson was able to ...A now-outdated 1928 biography of Johnson by white Southerner Robert W. Winston described Sam Johnson as Andrew Johnson's "favorite slave" Bill of sale, for a slave girl named Dolly, from John W. Gragg to Andrew Johnson, dated January 2, 1843 (Gilder Lehrman Collection #GLC02041). Andrew Johnson, who became the 17th U.S. …t. e. Elizabeth Key Grinstead (or Greenstead) (1630 – January 20, 1665) was one of the first Black people in the Thirteen Colonies to sue for freedom from slavery and win. Key won her freedom and that of her infant son, John Grinstead, on July 21, 1656, in the Colony of Virginia . Key based her suit on the fact that her father was an ... Anthony Johnson, a Black Angolan, was an indentured servant brought to the James River area of Virginia on the ship James in 1621. [4] During the late 1640s, Johnson moved with his family to Northampton County on the Eastern Shore of Virginia. [5] He acquired property on Pungoteague Creek and began raising livestock. [4] 1860 U.S. Census, Attala County, Mississippi, slave schedule, Township 16 Range 9 E, page 36, Eighth Census of the United States, 1860, microfilm publication M653, FS Library Film 1,438 rolls (Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration), roll 595. After you identify the slave owner of your research subject, …Dec 10, 1997 · December 9, 1997 at 7:00 p.m. EST. Like America's Old South, ancient Rome teemed with slaves who labored in their master's fields and houses. But unlike their counterparts in America, Rome's ... Anthony Johnson. Anthony Johnson was one of the first African Americans to have finished his services as an indentured servant and become a landowner on the Eastern Shore and slave-owner himself. Bacon's Rebellion. Although indentured servants become free and obtained their own land, they were given land that no one wanted. Anthony Johnson ( b. c. 1600 – d. 1670) was a black Angolan known for achieving wealth in the early 17th-century Colony of Virginia. He was one of the first African American property owners and had his right to legally own a slave recognized by the Virginia courts. Held as an indentured servant in 1621, he earned his freedom after several ...The Story of Anthony Johnson, the First Legal Slave Owner in America. Anthony Johnson was captured by Arab slave traders in Portuguese Angola around 1620. Johnson was sold as an indentured servant to a white planter named Bennet to work on his Virginia tobacco farm. Keep in mind that Anthony Johnson himself wasn’t a slave …King James weighs in. LeBron James, the basketball superstar and arguably the most influential American athlete, criticized the ownership of the National Football League for adopti...Anthony Johnson, for example, achieved his freedom, acquired a large plantation, became a slave owner, and even successfully sued his white neighbors when they attempted to harbor one of his escaped slaves. Whether you were in Maryland or Virginia, if you took a look at rural slaves you would likely find them laboring dutifully …Casor is the one I see most often.) Casar was a slave of Johnson's who ran off, probably with the encouragement of some of Johnson's white neighbors. Johnson sued for Casar's return and won it, plus some damages. There are many reasons the courts might have respected Johnson's right to his slave, aside the simple fact of the law.Anthony Johnson. Anthony Johnson (b. c. 1600 - d. 1670) was an Angolan who achieved freedom in the early 17th-century Colony of Virginia after serving his term of indenture. He became one of the first property owners and slaveholders of African birth there. Held as an indentured servant in 1621, he earned his freedom after several years, and ...Yeardley is considered by some scholars as Virginia’s first slave owner but there is evidence that these first Africans were treated as indentured servants, not as slaves. ... When Anthony Johnson, believed to be one of the original Africans from 1619, died in 1670, his lands were given to a white colonist, even though Johnson had …Thomas Jeremiah (born 1775), a free Negro executed in the Province of South Carolina for attempting to foment a slave insurrection. Andrew Johnson (1808–1875), 17th President of the United States, he opposed the 14th ... (1734–1808), colonial lawyer. He was a slave owner and, in 1800 as Chief Justice of New Brunswick, he supported slavery ...Tennessee, Slave Owners; Project / Team: US Black Heritage: See also: Ask questions in G2G using the tags Black Heritage and Categorization: ... Johnson Phillips 14 Aug 1772 Amherst, Amherst, Virginia - 26 Dec 1847 R. Isaac Rainey 12 Jan 1763 Caswell, North Carolina - 17 Jun 1836 S.Thomas Johnson (November 4, 1732 – October 26, 1819) was an 18th-century American lawyer, politician, and patriot. He was a delegate to the First Continental Congress in 1774, where he signed the Continental Association; commander of the Maryland militia in 1776; and elected first (non-Colonial) governor of Maryland in 1777. Throughout his career, …Anthony argued that Casar was his servant for life. In 1655, the county judges ruled in Johnson’s favor — marking what historians say is likely the first time a Virginia court upheld one man ...Watch full episode here: https://youtu.be/PN1KgMwZrJ8Anthony Johnson was a man known for achieving wealth in the early 17th-century Colony of Virginia. Born ...Anthony Johnson was the first prominent #black landholder in the English colonies. Johnson arrived in Virginia in 1621 aboard the James. It is uncertain if Johnson arrived as an indentured servant or as a slave, early records list him as “Antonio a Negro.” Regardless of his status, Johnson was bound labor and was put to […]In August of 1670, several months after Anthony Johnson's death, a jury in a Virginia court decided that, because "he was a Negro and by consequence an alien," ownership of the 250 acres Johnson ... In many cases, people didn’t live long enough to fulfill their contracts and earn their freedom. But some did, including a certain Anthony Johnson. Johnson came to the United States in traumatic circumstances. Captured by an enemy tribe in his native Angola, he was sold to an Arab slave trader and sent to Virginia aboard a ship called the ... Mary Fields, AKA Stagecoach Mary, was born a slave and at the age of 60 became the first African American woman to work for the U.S. Postal Service. A legend of the old west, the six foot tall two hundred pounder was a cigar smoking, whiskey drinking brawler ready and willing to fight for her right to live as she wanted. Read Full StorySources. The definitive work on black enslavers in the US is Koger's Black Slaveowners: Free Black Slave Masters in South Carolina, 1790-1860. Anthony Johnson's story is discussed in Berlin's Many Thousands Gone, which also explains the nuances in how free black people were treated in the South. His Slaves Without Masters is the standard text ...Anthony Johnson. Anthony Johnson was one of the first African Americans to have finished his services as an indentured servant and become a landowner on the Eastern Shore and slave-owner himself. Bacon's Rebellion. Although indentured servants become free and obtained their own land, they were given land that no one wanted.Anthony Johnson. Johnson was a wealthy, black Angolan plantation owner who lived in Virginia in the early seventeenth century. Being an ex-slave himself, Johnson was also a legal slave owner ...1982–2019. Genres. Comedy, observational comedy, satire, improvisational comedy, blue comedy. Spouse. Lexis Jones Mason. Children. 3. Anthony Johnson (February 1, 1966 [1] – September 6, 2021), sometimes credited as A. J. Johnson, was an American actor and comedian. He was best known for his role as "Ezal” in the 1995 comedy film Friday . Antonio becomes Anthony and he takes his hyper-English surname. Anthony, Mary, and their four kids follow the Bennetts to the Eastern Shore in 1640 and set up an independent farm. It goes well enough that in 1651, Johnson earns a 250 acre grant for sponsoring the transport of indentured servants to Virginia. That's a big chunk of land for the time. Indentured servitude in continental North America began in the Colony of Virginia in 1609. [1] Initially created as means of funding voyages for European workers to the New World, the institution dwindled over time as the labor force was replaced with enslaved Africans. Servitude became a central institution in the economy and society of many ... Early life. Ellen Craft was born in 1826 in Clinton, Georgia, to Maria, a mixed-race enslaved woman, and her wealthy planter owner, Major James Smith. At least three-quarters European by ancestry, Ellen was very fair-skinned and resembled her white half-siblings, who were her enslaver's legitimate children. Smith's wife gave the 11-year-old Ellen as a …Henry Johnson (~1844–December 5, 1890) was a Tennessean who was once enslaved by Andrew Johnson. Johnson purchased Henry in 1857 for US$1,050 (equivalent to $34,335 in 2023), when Henry was approximately 13 years old. [1] Unlike Sam, Dolly, Liz, Florence and William, Johnson does not appear to be enumerated on the 1860 slave schedule … Anthony Kewoa Johnson (March 6, 1984 – November 13, 2022) was an American mixed martial artist. He spent most of his career competing for the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC), where he was a multiple time title challenger, before ending his career with a single fight with Bellator MMA . About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Policy & Safety How YouTube works Test new features NFL Sunday Ticket Press Copyright ...In the 17th Century, a man named Anthony Johnson made history by defying the odds and leaving an indelible mark on the Virginia Colony. Arriving in 1621 from Angola, he was renamed “Antonio ...Brigadier General Francis Marion (c. 1732 – February 27, 1795), also known as the "Swamp Fox", was an American military officer, slaveowning planter, and politician who served during the French and Indian War and the Revolutionary War.During the American Revolution, Marion supported the Patriot cause and enlisted in the Continental Army, … Owner Profile: Anthony Johnson. Anthony Johnson, a native of Angola, arrived in the Jamestown colony of Virginia in 1621 under the name “Antonio, a negro”. It is unclear if he arrived as a slave or an indentured servant. Johnson worked on the Bennett tobacco plantation, surviving a massive Native American attack on the colony in 1622, and ... How Antonio The Negro (Anthony Johnson) Went From “Slave” To “Slave Owner”. The man was Anthony Johnson. Johnson first came over to America as an indentured servant, arriving in 1620 in the Colony of Virginia. He did not come over willingly, as many did, agreeing to become indentured servants in exchange for passage to the New World.Nov 1, 2014 · Anthony Johnson According to colonial records, the first slave owner in the United States was a black man. Prior to 1655 there were no legal slaves in the colonies, only indentured servants. All masters were required to free their servants after their time was up. Seven years was the limit that an indentured servant could be held. Upon their release they were granted 50 acres of land. This i Wiki page on 1850 Slave Schedule, St. Landry Parish, Louisiana in St. Landry Parish, Louisiana, United States.In 1651 he had 250 acres of land; moreover, some of his servants were white ( Africans in America: The Terrible Transformation ). Anthony Johnson “enjoyed the privileges of the British men” until the year 1640 when three slaves rebelled and escaped the owner. One of them, John Punch, was sentenced to lifetime slavery, for the first time … In many cases, people didn’t live long enough to fulfill their contracts and earn their freedom. But some did, including a certain Anthony Johnson. Johnson came to the United States in traumatic circumstances. Captured by an enemy tribe in his native Angola, he was sold to an Arab slave trader and sent to Virginia aboard a ship called the ... Jun 5, 2018 · Learn about the fascinating story of Anthony Johnson, a black man who was one of the first people to legally own a slave in the U.S. in 1655. Find out how he became a landowner, a master, and a slave owner, and how his case influenced the law and history of slavery in America. Anthony Johnson was the first prominent #black landholder in the English colonies. Johnson arrived in Virginia in 1621 aboard the James. It is uncertain if Johnson arrived as an indentured servant or as a slave, early records list him as “Antonio a Negro.”. Regardless of his status, Johnson was bound labor and was put to work on Edward ...CNN —. American MMA lightweight fighter Anthony ‘Rumble’ Johnson has died at the age of 38 from an undisclosed illness, according to Bellator MMA. “It is with great sadness we acknowledge ... Although the article you cite makes some attempt to sort out the lengthy pseudo-history of deliberate misinterpretation and outright lies about Anthony Johnson, pretending that his case was specifically about trying to own a slave is no more accurate than the other claims that they are debunking. Images buzzing around social media show a photograph of a Black man mistakenly identified as Anthony Johnson and described as the first slaveholder in the United States. The photo, though, is ...Learn about Anthony Johnson, an African American who became a wealthy plantation owner in colonial Virginia. Find out how he survived a Native American attack, gained his freedom, and acquired his own estate.The Horrifying History About The FIRST Slave Owner In The Colonies (Anthony Johnson)Slavery is the ownership of a person as property, especially in regards to their labour. [1] Slavery typically involves compulsory work, with the slave's location of work and residence dictated by the party that holds them in bondage. Enslavement is the placement of a person into slavery, and the person is called a slave or an enslaved person ...Anthony Johnson, an Angolan indentured servant in the Virginia colony, was not the first person to own slaves in the US. He gained the right to own property, including slaves, after he was released from his servitude in the 17th century. He used slaves on his Maryland tobacco farm, but his descendants faced deportation and loss of freedom.8-6-12. Pearl Duncan, a New York author, was granted her noble ancestors’ coat of arms in 2005.She is completing a book about using DNA and genealogy to search for ancestors, and one about the ...In 1655, a Virginia court ruled in Johnson v. Casor that John Casor was a slave, and not—as he claimed—an indentured servant, of Anthony Johnson, a free Black man. In English North America, the colonists considered Africans to be "foreigners" and unable to become English subjects due to being non-Christians. Even after African slaves began ...Dec 14, 2010 · Anthony Johnson was the first prominent black landholder in the English colonies. He was a slaveholder and a tobacco planter in Virginia and Maryland, where he owned 250 acres of land and a slave named John Casor. He died in 1670 and his descendants vanished from the historical records. In Virginia in the 1600s, Anthony Johnson secured his freedom from indentured servitude, acquired land, and became a respected member of his community. ... In addition to the hardship of forced labor, enslaved people were maimed or killed by slave owners as punishment for working too slowly, visiting a spouse living on another … Slavery is the ownership of a person as property, especially in regards to their labour. [1] Slavery typically involves compulsory work, with the slave's location of work and residence dictated by the party that holds them in bondage. Enslavement is the placement of a person into slavery, and the person is called a slave or an enslaved person ... Anthony Johnson, for example, achieved his freedom, acquired a large plantation, became a slave owner, and even successfully sued his white neighbors when they attempted to harbor one of his escaped slaves. Whether you were in Maryland or Virginia, if you took a look at rural slaves you would likely find them laboring dutifully …In August of 1670, several months after Anthony Johnson's death, a jury in a Virginia court decided that, because "he was a Negro and by consequence an alien," ownership of the …On March 8, 1655, the Northampton County Court ruled in favor of Anthony Johnson, a free man of African descent, when he was accused of keeping an …The first legal slave owner in America was black and he owned white slaves. Anthony Johnson (AD 1600 – 1670) was an Angolan who achieved freedom in the early 17th century Colony of Virginia. Johnson was captured in his native Angola by an enemy tribe and sold to Arab (Muslim) slave traders. He was eventually sold as an indentured servant to a ...Black slave owners in the United States. This is a non-diffusing subcategory of Category: ... Anthony Johnson (colonist) K. Anna Madgigine Jai Kingsley; L. Marie Laveau; In August of 1670, several months after Anthony Johnson's death, a jury in a Virginia court decided that, because "he was a Negro and by consequence an alien," ownership of the 250 acres Johnson ... Anthony Johnson (Q4772839) From Wikidata. ... slave owner. 1 reference. inferred from. Category:Slave owners. on focus list of Wikimedia project. WikiProject African ...The first legal slave owner, in what would eventually become the United States, was a black man, Anthony Johnson. Johnson first came to America as an indentured servant, arriving in 1620 in the Colony of Virginia. He did not come over willingly, as many did, agreeing to become indentured servants for a certain number of…One such person was Anthony Johnson who sailed to Virginia in 1621 aboard the James. The Virginia Muster (census) of 1624 lists his name as "Antonio not given," recorded as "a Negro" in the "notes" column. Historians have some dispute as to whether this was the Antonio later known as Anthony Johnson, as the census lists several "Antonios."Anthony Johnson was an African who was freed soon after 1635; he settled on land on the Eastern Shore following the end of indenture, later buying African indentured servants as laborers. Although Anthony Johnson was a free man, on his death in 1670, his plantation was given to a white colonist, not to Johnson's children. 1982–2019. Genres. Comedy, observational comedy, satire, improvisational comedy, blue comedy. Spouse. Lexis Jones Mason. Children. 3. Anthony Johnson (February 1, 1966 [1] – September 6, 2021), sometimes credited as A. J. Johnson, was an American actor and comedian. He was best known for his role as "Ezal” in the 1995 comedy film Friday . Anthony Johnson. Anthony Johnson (b. c. 1600 - d. 1670) was an Angolan who achieved freedom in the early 17th-century Colony of Virginia after serving his term of indenture. He became one of the first property owners and slaveholders of African birth there. Held as an indentured servant in 1621, he earned his freedom after several years, and ...Antonio becomes Anthony and he takes his hyper-English surname. Anthony, Mary, and their four kids follow the Bennetts to the Eastern Shore in 1640 and set up an independent farm. It goes well enough that in 1651, Johnson earns a 250 acre grant for sponsoring the transport of indentured servants to Virginia. That's a big chunk of land for the time.Mary Fields, AKA Stagecoach Mary, was born a slave and at the age of 60 became the first African American woman to work for the U.S. Postal Service. A legend of the old west, the six foot tall two hundred pounder was a cigar smoking, whiskey drinking brawler ready and willing to fight for her right to live as she wanted. Read Full StoryWas Anthony Johnson, a black man, the first slave owner in this country?Also, if US chattel slavery was not about race, as in, white superiority over black p...Images buzzing around social media show a photograph of a Black man mistakenly identified as Anthony Johnson and described as the first slaveholder in the United States. The photo, though, is ...Anthony Johnson arrived in Virginia in 1621. He farmed other people’s land in the new English colony before he acquired land of his own and wealth. He married Mary, had children — two daughters and two sons — and passed on his own property to his heirs before his death in 1670. In the romanticized belief in hard work, values and upward …Watch full episode here: https://youtu.be/PN1KgMwZrJ8Anthony Johnson was a man known for achieving wealth in the early 17th-century Colony of Virginia. Born ...Misbar’s Analysis. Misbar’s investigation concluded that Anthony Johnson was not the first slave owner in America. Johnson arrived in Virginia as either an indentured servant or a slave (records aren’t exactly clear) in 1621 and worked on a tobacco plantation owned by Edward Bennett. Sometime between 1625 and 1640, Johnson was able to buy ...How Antonio The Negro (Anthony Johnson) Went From “Slave” To “Slave Owner”. The man was Anthony Johnson. Johnson first came over to America as an indentured servant, arriving in 1620 in the Colony of Virginia. He did not come over willingly, as many did, agreeing to become indentured servants in exchange for passage to the New World. Anthony nearly lost his life in the spring of 1622. Virginia's Powhatan Indians, threatened by the encroachments of tobacco planters, staged a carefully-planned attack that took place on Good Friday. By the middle of the day, over three hundred and fifty colonists were dead. On the plantation where Anthony worked, fifty-two were killed. Watch full episode here: https://youtu.be/PN1KgMwZrJ8Anthony Johnson was a man known for achieving wealth in the early 17th-century Colony of Virginia. Born ...
Jun 5, 2018 · Learn about the fascinating story of Anthony Johnson, a black man who was one of the first people to legally own a slave in the U.S. in 1655. Find out how he became a landowner, a master, and a slave owner, and how his case influenced the law and history of slavery in America. . Horseheads ny homes for sale
On March 8, 1655, the Northampton County Court ruled in favor of Anthony Johnson, a free man of African descent, when he was accused of keeping an …Jul 22, 2023 · In the 17th Century, a man named Anthony Johnson made history by defying the odds and leaving an indelible mark on the Virginia Colony. Arriving in 1621 from Angola, he was renamed “Antonio ... It can only mean one thing. Their ancestors (or even they) were owned by the family I'm studying. Using the slave owner categories will make it a little bit easier for people who research African American genealogy to find the connections that help solve some of their riddles. WikiTree profile: Laban Stafford. categorization.Anthony Johnson first arrived in Virginia in 1621. Referred to as "Antonio a Negro" in early records, Anthony went to work on a tobacco plantation. ... or a slave. Anthony nearly lost his life in ...It's not clear whether he was an indentured servant (a servant contracted to work for a set amount of time) or a slave. Anthony nearly lost his life in the spring of 1622. In August of 1670, several months after Anthony Johnson's death, a jury in a Virginia court decided that, because "he was a Negro and by consequence an alien," ownership of the 250 acres Johnson ... Source: Wikipedia. by James A. Bacon. The man who would come to be known by the English name of Anthony Johnson was born in the Angola region of southern Africa, enslaved by the Portuguese, and transported to Virginia for sale. There he was sold to a colonist, and then resold to a merchant planter by the name of Edward Bennet …1982–2019. Genres. Comedy, observational comedy, satire, improvisational comedy, blue comedy. Spouse. Lexis Jones Mason. Children. 3. Anthony Johnson (February 1, 1966 [1] – September 6, 2021), sometimes credited as A. J. Johnson, was an American actor and comedian. He was best known for his role as "Ezal” in the 1995 comedy film Friday .James DeWolf (March 18, 1764 – December 21, 1837) was an American slave trader and politician. He served as a state legislator for a total of nearly 25 years, and in the 1820s served as a United States senator from Rhode Island.Along with trading in slaves, DeWolf invested in sugar and coffee plantations in Cuba and became the wealthiest man in his …Anthony nearly lost his life in the spring of 1622. Virginia's Powhatan Indians, threatened by the encroachments of tobacco planters, staged a carefully-planned attack that took place on Good Friday. By the middle of the day, over three hundred and fifty colonists were dead. On the plantation where Anthony worked, fifty-two were killed.8-6-12. Pearl Duncan, a New York author, was granted her noble ancestors’ coat of arms in 2005.She is completing a book about using DNA and genealogy to search for ancestors, and one about the ...Learn what a wiki is, how it's different from a blog, and how to make one for your business. Trusted by business builders worldwide, the HubSpot Blogs are your number-one source fo... for crime?involved a black owner. In 1654 Anthony Johnson and his wife Mary?in a court suit?gained the services of their black servant, John Casor, for life.5 Actually, ". . . slave owning by free Negroes was so common in the period of the Commonwealth as to pass unnoticed and without criticism by those who consciously recorded events of the .