According to the IF guidelines, anything that contains calories can break a fast. However, most medications are calorie-free, so you won’t break your fast if you take them during your fasting window. But that doesn’t mean you should take any medicine during the fasting period.Key Takeaways. Nutrition experts opine that your fast will not brake as long as you eat or drink anything containing fewer than 50 calories. Exceeding the 50-calorie limit will break your fast and you will lose all benefits associated with fasting. While anything that has calories will technically break your fast, experts say that as long as ...Technically, taking anything that isn’t pure water or tea/coffee without milk does count as breaking your fast. This is because even though most super greens powders are low in carbs, sugars, and overall energy density, they are not calorie-free. So, taking Athletic Greens, or regular super greens will break your fast.Yes, artificial sweetners will have a similar effect to “real” sweetners metabolically. Best to stick with water. Fafasungrass. • 3 yr. ago. It's controversial because most of their products have sucralose. There is evidence which suggests sucralose breaks a fast, and there is evidence saying the contrary.Does Athletic Greens Break A Fast? June 29, 2023 by Dina Mustabašić. GainingTactics is reader-supported. When you make a purchase using the links below, I may …4. Fasting Goals: Your specific fasting goals also play a significant role in determining whether Athletic Greens breaks your fast. If your primary goal is weight loss, then the caloric content ...This is because the expiation is specifically for a fast that is broken by means of intercourse, not by masturbation. If one is remorseful and wishes to pay the expiation along with performing the obligatory make up fast, he can do so as a form of voluntary charity, seeking the forgiveness of God. Breaking a Fast in Ramadan.AG1 contains 6 grams of carbs and 50 calories per serving, which can trigger an insulin response and break your fast. The 2 grams of protein in AG1 can also interfere with …AG1 is the original Foundational Nutrition drink and was designed as a comprehensive formula to provide daily support where the body needs it most. Many members report feeling sustained energy, having fewer cravings, and more balanced gut health over the course of the first month or so.Overall, does coffee break a fast depends on the reason for your fast (autophagy or ketosis), and the type of coffee you consume. In general, fasting and coffee can coexist without breaking a fast. In fact, there may be synergistic effects when fasting and coffee are combined correctly. To help create a proper …Greens. Rogan says he “takes a giant Athletic Greens every day.” AG1 (from his podcast sponsor Athletic Greens) is a gut-supporting blend containing over 75 vitamins, minerals, and whole vegetable sourced ingredients like spirulina, pineapple, and papaya. It can be mixed with water and drank easily on the go. …Photo courtesy of Healthline editor Christy Snyder. AG1 (previously known as Athletic Greens) is a popular greens supplement, largely …Feb 12, 2024 · Drinking a glass of salt water while fasting can be a great way to replenish electrolytes. We recommend mixing 1/8 of a teaspoon into 12 oz of water. You can also read our guide on what you can drink while fasting for other fasting-safe beverages. Build your eating windows around nutrient-dense whole foods. This equates to 4 net grams of carbohydrates. One serving of Athletic Greens also contains 2 grams of protein. With the carbohydrates alone, Athletic Greens will contain more …Yes, drinking AG1 would break a fast. In order to fast you can't consume anything with any calories, meaning things like water and black coffee are fine, but AG1 with …Athletic Greens’ side effects. Most likely, the risk of harm from AG1 is low. Most people don’t experience negative side effects from Athletic Greens, but some say it causes nausea, diarrhea, bloating, and other digestive issues. This may be because your digestive tract is adjusting to having probiotics and fiber, or it could be a reaction ...Jun 13, 2022 · 2024 Update: I no longer recommend Athletic Greens as the best super greens powder you can get. The rising price increase has made it not a great value. $99+ every month for one package just isn’t worth it. The products and ingredients are still good but there is better value for your money out there. And there are other greens powders that ... 4. Sardines. A can of sardines is another reasonable option to use when you break a long fast. They have no carbs, lots of healthy omega-3 fatty acids, and a moderate amount of protein. A typical sized can of sardines would be about the right amount to eat. Then as usual, wait a couple hours and see how you’re feeling.Sep 25, 2023 · 4. Fasting Goals: Your specific fasting goals also play a significant role in determining whether Athletic Greens breaks your fast. If your primary goal is weight loss, then the caloric content ... Wow yes actually. I just started this month. Hell of a way to start the day. Been considering doing it only every other day or some alternating though sing AG1 is sooo expensive/ idk if our body really needs this much of the good stuff ag1 provides. I wonder if anyone’s done any test to prove it’s not a 100% efficient to do it daily.Conclusion. Athletic Greens AG1 does not seem to contain collagen. However, the absence of collagen in Athletic Greens should not overshadow other great benefits that this supplement has to offer. Collagen is undoubtedly important, but Athletic Greens have opted for a vegan-friendly formula to match various dietary preferences.5:2 or Fast Diet: Eat normally 5 days a week and restrict calories for 2 days.Can drink up to 50 calories per fasting period without breaking fast Drinking kombucha during a fasting period without breaking your fast depends on the individual’s weight, lifestyle, and insulin sensitivity.If you like sipping on some chia seed water during your Intermittent Fast, you might want to hit pause until after you've read this post. Today, I'm sharing whether or not chia seeds break your Intermittent Fast.Yes, 1 stick of the normal Liquid IV has 40 – 50 calories and it can break your fast. The new sugar-free Liquid IV however only has 15 – 20 calories, so no, it will not break your fast. While you can safely take liquid IV in some situations I’ll mention soon, do know that there are considerations to make and you’ll be …The answer is… it’s complicated. Psyllium husk falls into the “grey area” when fasting. Some think it instantly breaks a fast, while others believe it doesn’t. The truth is it depends on who you ask and what goals you’re fasting for. Psyllium husk is a type of dietary fiber from the Plantago ovata plant. Psyllium husk is effective ...Athletic Greens* — or AG1 — is a supplement known for its nutrient density. But even if it contains health-promoting ... Does coffee with half-and-half break a fast? Does half-and-half break a … Intermittent Fasting. Read more . Does salt break a fast? — Explained by SIMPLE. Published on February 12, 2024 Updated on February ...So the question is, will greens like AG1, Lean Greens or Huel break a fast? We will explain what fasting is and the health benefits associated with it. We will delve into the …AG1 is a Foundational Nutrition supplement that helps you feel strong, vital, and nourished. Filled with high-quality vitamins, minerals, and nutrients from whole food sources, you can feel confident that your nutritional gaps are covered. One scoop, once a day provides multiple benefits to support your overall baseline health.Feb 18, 2020 · 4. Stick To Whole Foods. This is a pretty good rule of thumb for the ketogenic diet as a whole but, it is especially important after a long term fast. Processed foods (especially certain fibers and sugar alcohols) can have a larger and worse impact after fasting. This being said, even some whole foods should ideally be avoided for the first ... TLDR: I'm switching over to Daily Greens for significant cost savings, better taste than AG1, and more ingredients I actually recognize. Full review: I've been supplementing with greens powders for over a year. Specifically, I've been using Athletic Greens. A Huel rep confirmed on this sub that Daily Greens probably isn't …How Long Does AG1 Take To Ship? There is no official statement about this on their website, however, in my experience ordering from Australia - typically takes 6 days from placing the order to receiving it. ... Any significant calorie intake will technically break a fast. However, Athletic Greens is great for intermittent fasting as it …Yes, drinking AG1 would break a fast. In order to fast you can't consume anything with any calories, meaning things like water and black coffee are fine, but AG1 with …As a good rule of thumb when fasting for fat loss, you can aim to keep your total carbohydrates and protein under 1 total gram to help ensure that you won't spike insulin and break your fast. Taking a look at spirulina, it does contain protein as well as carbohydrates. In order to keep it under 1 gram total of carbs …AG1 is the original Foundational Nutrition drink and was designed as a comprehensive formula to provide daily support where the body needs it most. Many members report feeling sustained energy, having fewer cravings, and more balanced gut health over the course of the first month or so.May 16, 2023 · Athletic Greens Review (AG1): My Experience After 30-Days. Written by Adam Wright, Sport & Exercise Science BSc (Hons). Lasted Updated on May 16, 2023. FACT CHECKED. MEDICALLY CITED. Athletic Greens (AG1) is a dietary supplement that claims to provide a wide range of nutrients, including vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants, in a single serving. Jan 26, 2024 · If you’re looking for a pre-workout that won’t break a fast, aim for one with less than 10 calories / serving. Likewise, if you’re concerned about intermittent fasting and insulin sensitivity or intermittent fasting and blood sugar levels, you may want to be wary of added sugars. You can also read our guide on what you can drink while ... Wow yes actually. I just started this month. Hell of a way to start the day. Been considering doing it only every other day or some alternating though sing AG1 is sooo expensive/ idk if our body really needs this much of the good stuff ag1 provides. I wonder if anyone’s done any test to prove it’s not a 100% efficient to do it daily. Sort by: Forgetmyglasses. • 6 yr. ago. If it contains calories then it breaks the fast. If it doesn't, then it wont. Most of those 'greens' mixtures usually have calories and carbs in them so I would imagine it would break your fast. r/intermittentfasting. Overall, does coffee break a fast depends on the reason for your fast (autophagy or ketosis), and the type of coffee you consume. In general, fasting and coffee can coexist without breaking a fast. In fact, there may be synergistic effects when fasting and coffee are combined correctly. To help create a proper …Answer: I pray you are well and in the best of health. No, the fast will not be broken in such a scenario nor will any expiation be required. The fast is only broken by the [a] entrance of something with a perceptible body (like food, water, and the like) [b] into the body cavity [c] through a recognized point of entry (such … AG1 is an easy, drinkable daily supplement that supports brain, gut, and immune health through a science-driven formula of vitamins, minerals, prebiotics, probiotics, stress adaptogens, mushrooms, superfoods, and digestive enzymes.*. AG1 is not intended for individuals under 18 or pregnant/nursing women. Vitamin C is a nutrient your body needs, but does not make. AG1 provides 467 percent of the recommended daily value of vitamin C. Adequate vitamin C intake can ward off muscle weakness, which is ...Athletic Greens makes you poop as it contains probiotics and enzymes that improve digestion and allow better absorption. A single serving of this superfood powder combines 75 natural whole-food ingredients to provide you with nutrients available in about 12 fruit and veggie servings. In this article, you will find everything you need to know ...Key Takeaways. Nutrition experts opine that your fast will not brake as long as you eat or drink anything containing fewer than 50 calories. Exceeding the 50-calorie limit will break your fast and you will lose all benefits associated with fasting. While anything that has calories will technically break your fast, experts …The many health claims: The company claims that AG1 helps support energy, immunity, gut health, hormonal and neural support and healthy aging, among other benefits, according to its website ...Answer: I pray you are well and in the best of health. No, the fast will not be broken in such a scenario nor will any expiation be required. The fast is only broken by the [a] entrance of something with a perceptible body (like food, water, and the like) [b] into the body cavity [c] through a recognized point of entry (such …Key Takeaways. Nutrition experts opine that your fast will not brake as long as you eat or drink anything containing fewer than 50 calories. Exceeding the 50-calorie limit will break your fast and you will lose all benefits associated with fasting. While anything that has calories will technically break your fast, experts …AG1 is the original Foundational Nutrition drink and was designed as a comprehensive formula to provide daily support where the body needs it most. Many members report feeling sustained energy, having fewer cravings, and more balanced gut health over the course of the first month or so.A Quick Look at AG1. We all know that eating your fruits and vegetables benefits our overall health in many ways. However, only 1 in 10 adults consume the recommended amount of fruits and vegetables daily. ... Also, because AG1 does not contain vitamin D, a nutrient many are deficient in, I opted for the …May 27, 2022 · This method works by limiting your fast to a 2-day routine. For 5 days of the week, you will eat as usual, whereas for the remaining 2 days you will eat fewer calories than the previous 5 days. The limit on calories eaten on your 2 days of fasting will depend on personal choice, but a popular option is a single 500-600 calorie meal. Tea. Brewed tea typically contains the same calories as a cup of black coffee or less. The same rules apply here as they do for coffee, Cording says. Some people will drink chicken broth or bone ...Yes, your vitamins will break your fast if: ☑️ they contain more than 9 calories per serving. ☑️ they contain glucose syrup, sugar, dextrose, vegetable oils, juice concentrate, etc. Vitamins likely to fall into this category: gummy vitamins and vitamins with a sweet coating. No, your vitamins won’t break your fast if: ☑️ …Praise be to Allah. Does swearing break your fast? Committing sins during the day in Ramadan, such as swearing or insulting others, does not invalidate the fast as such, but it detracts from the reward for fasting. These sins may take away all of the reward, and the fasting person is left with nothing as a result of his …Jan 17, 2024 · If you’ve got a sweet tooth, you’re in luck: stevia, in moderation, is unlikely to break your fast. As it contains zero calories, it’s considered a “non-nutritive” sweetener, [1] so you can have stevia while fasting. And as long as it’s pure stevia — with no other sugars or additives — the answer to “Does stevia leaf extract ... But sugars can elevate your blood sugar and cause an insulin release. The goal when fasting is not to cause an insulin release otherwise, you could effectively break your fast. So if you drink yerba mate tea during intermittent fasting, then be sure to brew it yourself from loose yerba mate leaves. Keep in mind what …The many health claims: The company claims that AG1 helps support energy, immunity, gut health, hormonal and neural support and healthy aging, among other benefits, according to its website ...The focus is on zero calories and zero stimulation of the digestive system.So in summary, psyllium husk will technically break a water-only fast, but should not disrupt intermittent fasting for the purpose of fat loss. Pay attention to your goals and preferred protocol to determine if psyllium husk fits within your plan.This means having no more than a combined one gram of protein and/or carbs. One medium stalk of celery contains: .55 grams carbohydrates. .07 grams fat. .28 grams protein. When you combine the grams of protein with the grams of carbs, you get .83 total grams. This is clearly under the one gram rule and theoretically shouldn't break a fast.Yes, Alpha Brain can break a fast, so taking alpha brain supplements during prolonged or intermittent fasting is generally not recommended. We will discuss the exceptions soon, but let me first give you 2 reasons for this; One, some of the Alpha Brain supplements (alpha brain focus shot and alpha brain instant) …If you're looking for an effective way to break a fast, consider trying an AG1 athletic greens or my own powdered greens supplement, here! How many calories will break …Strictly speaking, any amount of calories will break a fast. If a person follows a strict fasting schedule, they should avoid any food or drinks containing calories. Those following a modified ...How Long Does AG1 Take To Ship? There is no official statement about this on their website, however, in my experience ordering from Australia - typically takes 6 days from placing the order to receiving it. ... Any significant calorie intake will technically break a fast. However, Athletic Greens is great for intermittent fasting as it …The answer is… it’s complicated. Psyllium husk falls into the “grey area” when fasting. Some think it instantly breaks a fast, while others believe it doesn’t. The truth is it depends on who you ask and what goals you’re fasting for. Psyllium husk is a type of dietary fiber from the Plantago ovata plant. Psyllium …According to the IF guidelines, anything that contains calories can break a fast. However, most medications are calorie-free, so you won’t break your fast if you take them during your fasting window. But that doesn’t mean you should take any medicine during the fasting period.Yes, drinking AG1 would break a fast. In order to fast you can't consume anything with any calories, meaning things like water and black coffee are fine, but AG1 with …Athletic Greens makes you poop as it contains probiotics and enzymes that improve digestion and allow better absorption. A single serving of this superfood powder combines 75 natural whole-food ingredients to provide you with nutrients available in about 12 fruit and veggie servings. In this article, you will find everything you need to know ...Jan 26, 2024 · If you’re looking for a pre-workout that won’t break a fast, aim for one with less than 10 calories / serving. Likewise, if you’re concerned about intermittent fasting and insulin sensitivity or intermittent fasting and blood sugar levels, you may want to be wary of added sugars. You can also read our guide on what you can drink while ... Macro Greens. At between $60 and $70 for 90 servings, or roughly 75 cents per scoop, it’s extremely well-priced, particularly since most other green superfood powders don’t have anywhere near ...Intermittent Fasting (IF) is way of eating that restricts *when* you eat, usually on a daily or weekly schedule. People engage in IF to reap the many benefits to health, fitness, and mental clarity. This is a place to share success, support each other, ask questions, and learn. IF is an 18+ community because the practice is not …This is the format that many fasting experts use and do not feel that it breaks the benefits of a fast. (Example: Wake, coffee, AG1, continue to fast many more hours before regular meal). This is similar to the way AG1s’ own Dr. Ralph Esposito uses AG1 with his fasting and TRF regimen. Taking AG1 10 to 15 minutes prior to the first full meal ...Key Takeaways. Nutrition experts opine that your fast will not brake as long as you eat or drink anything containing fewer than 50 calories. Exceeding the 50-calorie limit will break your fast and you will lose all benefits associated with fasting. While anything that has calories will technically break your fast, experts say that as long as ...Feb 27, 2024 · Tips on using monk fruit during a fast. Read the label –– Because the sweetness of monk fruit sweetener is so intense, some manufacturers will add other ingredients like sugar alcohols or other fillers that may include calories. In that case, your monk fruit sweetener may break a fast. Curious about whether AG1 will fit into your fasting schedule? Here, we talk through the nutritional breakdown of the formula, which works with any time-rest... No, matcha will not break your fast. However, it is important to note that matcha mixed with hot water will not break your fast. If you choose to mix your matcha with hot milk of any kind, this WILL break your fast. Milk will spike your insulin levels and pull you out of a fasted state. Water on the other hand, will not …No, matcha will not break your fast. However, it is important to note that matcha mixed with hot water will not break your fast. If you choose to mix your matcha with hot milk of any kind, this WILL break your fast. Milk will spike your insulin levels and pull you out of a fasted state. Water on the other hand, will not …Therefore the question arose very quickly whether AG1 by Athletic Greens can be taken during intermittent fasting 16/8 or whether the shake breaks the daily fasting phase. A short explanation: During intermittent fasting 16/8, you fast for 16 hours every day and can eat for 8 hours afterwards.May 16, 2023 · Athletic Greens Review (AG1): My Experience After 30-Days. Written by Adam Wright, Sport & Exercise Science BSc (Hons). Lasted Updated on May 16, 2023. FACT CHECKED. MEDICALLY CITED. Athletic Greens (AG1) is a dietary supplement that claims to provide a wide range of nutrients, including vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants, in a single serving. A water fast is exactly what it sounds like: it is a break from eating food, and instead only water is consumed for a specific time frame. They usually last anywhere from 24 hours to seven days in ...Does AG1 break a fast? Whether or not AG1 will break a fast depends on the type of fasting you are doing and your individual goals and preferences. If you are doing a water fast, which involves consuming only water for a period of time, then consuming it would technically break the fast, as it contains …Here’s what makes AG1 unique: Comprehensiveness: One daily serving of AG1 combines the power of multiple supplements such as a multivitamin, multimineral, prebiotics, probiotics, stress adaptogens, energy booster, daily immune support, superfoods blend, mushroom complex, and digestive aids.*. Bioavailability and Synergy: The more your …Athletic Greens makes you poop as it contains probiotics and enzymes that improve digestion and allow better absorption. A single serving of this superfood powder combines 75 natural whole-food ingredients to provide you with nutrients available in about 12 fruit and veggie servings. In this article, you will find everything you need to know ... This could be AG1 shortly after waking, any point mid-morning, any point during the day, pre or post-training, pre- or post-coffee, or in any combination. This is the format that many fasting experts use and do not feel that it breaks the benefits of a fast. (Example: Wake, coffee, AG1, continue to fast many more hours before regular meal). Photo courtesy of Healthline editor Christy Snyder. AG1 (previously known as Athletic Greens) is a popular greens supplement, largely …Does AG1 break a fast? Yes, drinking AG1 would break a fast. In order to fast you can’t consume anything with any calories, meaning things like water and black coffee are fine, but AG1 with its 50 calories per scoop …If you're looking for an effective way to break a fast, consider trying an AG1 athletic greens or my own powdered greens supplement, here! How many calories will break …The focus is on zero calories and zero stimulation of the digestive system.So in summary, psyllium husk will technically break a water-only fast, but should not disrupt intermittent fasting for the purpose of fat loss. Pay attention to your goals and preferred protocol to determine if psyllium husk fits within your plan.Our answer is no! To break your fast, you would have to raise your insulin levels to a “spike” level or take something that stimulates the digestive tract. Creatine does neither of these things. While some side effects are to be wary of, creatine is generally a safe supplement, so long as you take it within the …Here’s what makes AG1 unique: Comprehensiveness: One daily serving of AG1 combines the power of multiple supplements such as a multivitamin, multimineral, prebiotics, probiotics, stress adaptogens, energy booster, daily immune support, superfoods blend, mushroom complex, and digestive aids.*. Bioavailability and Synergy: The more your …If a person travels so that he can break the fast, both actions – i.e., travelling and breaking the fast – become haram for him, because there is no reason for travelling except as an excuse to break the fast. As for the prohibition on breaking the fast, it is because there is no reason to allow it. As for the prohibition on travelling, it ...Yes, drinking AG1 would break a fast. In order to fast you can't consume anything with any calories, meaning things like water and black coffee are fine, but AG1 with … Broth. While broth will technically break your fast, it contains high levels of necessary sodium and other minerals, which helps your body replenish electrolytes and stay hydrated while also fighting off hunger pangs. 2 Most broths also contain very few calories (1/2 cup bone broth contains ~15 calories.)
Our immune health is complex, but our nutrient status does play a part (as does getting a good night’s sleep, lowering stress, lowering exposure to pathogens, etc). Athletic Greens attributes better immune function to its vitamin C and zinc content. One scoop provides you with 420 mg of vitamin C (five times …. Junior museum palo alto ca
AG1 is an easy, drinkable daily supplement that supports brain, gut, and immune health through a science-driven formula of vitamins, minerals, prebiotics, probiotics, stress adaptogens, mushrooms, superfoods, and digestive enzymes.*. AG1 is not intended for individuals under 18 or pregnant/nursing women. MCT oil can technically break your fast. If you’re following a pure water fast and want to maximize autophagy, then MCT oil (and anything other than water) can negate your results. But if your goals are weight loss, fat burning, increased energy, and mental clarity, then taking MCTs when fasting can accelerate your …Product Reviews. Is AG1 Worth the Hype? Our Nutritionist Tested the Greens Powder to Find Out. Here's everything you need to know about the popular (and pricey) …Athletic Greens Review – Athletic Greens was founded by Chris Ashenden in 2010 as a way to improve his nutrition while dealing with digestive and gut health issues. This company is based in New Zealand, and its products are manufactured in a TGA-registered, NSF GMP Registered facility. The mission of …Key Takeaways. Nutrition experts opine that your fast will not brake as long as you eat or drink anything containing fewer than 50 calories. Exceeding the 50-calorie limit will break your fast and you will lose all benefits associated with fasting. While anything that has calories will technically break your fast, experts …Oct 22, 2023 · Athletic Greens will break a fast due to the calories and nutrients included in the formula. However, the guidelines state that consuming the drink on an empty stomach is perfect for nutrient absorption to be at its highest level. Drink it during your eating window. Therefore, Athletic Greens is a great way to start your day off and a subtle ... Athletic Greens Review – Athletic Greens was founded by Chris Ashenden in 2010 as a way to improve his nutrition while dealing with digestive and gut health issues. This company is based in New Zealand, and its products are manufactured in a TGA-registered, NSF GMP Registered facility. The mission of …Some naturally calorie-free drinks and beverages can help keep you full, provide optimal hydration, and reduce your appetite without breaking your fast. Beverages that you can drink while intermittent fasting includes water, mineral water, seltzer, tea, coffee, apple cider vinegar, and flavored water. Drinks that you …Is your body absorbing the optimal amount of nutrients from the food you eat? You probably think more about eating and enjoying foods than you do about diges...Does AG1 break a fast? Yes, drinking AG1 would break a fast. In order to fast you can't consume anything with any calories, meaning things like water and black coffee are fine, but AG1 with its 50 calories per scoop would be technically breaking your fast.This equates to 4 net grams of carbohydrates. One serving of Athletic Greens also contains 2 grams of protein. With the carbohydrates alone, Athletic Greens will contain more …7 Things invalidate your fast. There are seven things that break the fast, as follows: Intercourse. Masturbation. Eating and drinking. Anything that is regarded as coming under the same heading as eating and drinking. Letting blood by means of cupping and the like. Vomiting deliberately. Menstruation and nifaas.AG1 is a Foundational Nutrition supplement that helps you feel strong, vital, and nourished. Filled with high-quality vitamins, minerals, and nutrients from whole food sources, you can feel confident that your nutritional gaps are covered. One scoop, once a day provides multiple benefits to support your overall baseline health.Will Turmeric Break a Fast. By Fasting Tutorial February 10, 2024 February 10, 2024 Reading Time: 5 minutes Fasting Tutorial February 10, 2024 February 10, 2024 Reading Time: 5 minutes.