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Jun 9, 2023 · The extracted uncoupled magnon frequency of 4L flakes is 113.2 cm −1, exhibiting a slight redshift to its bulk value, while the magnon-phonon coupling strength remains strong reaching 2.0 cm − ... . Anoka meat market

Jul 29, 2021 · Magnonics is a research field complementary to spintronics, in which the quanta of spin waves (magnons) replace electrons as information carriers, promising lower dissipation 1, 2, 3. The ... Omul de Cro-Magnon. Omul de Cro-Magnon sau Homo sapiens fossilis (în franceză Homme de Cro-Magnon) a fost un reprezentant timpuriu al Omului contemporan din Europa, care a trăit cu 40-12.000 de ani în urmă ( paleoliticul superior).For magnons near the Brillouin zone center, magnon–magnon interaction may be stronger than the magnon–phonon interaction, thus plays dominant role in magnon relaxation time . As the magnon–magnon interaction is beyond the scope of our present work, the cutoff wavevector of 2.2 × 10 6 cm −1 is selected [47, 68, 69]. The accurate ...Although magnon instabilities are expected for a broad class of models 7,8,9, their experimental observation is rare and so far limited to a handful of quantum paramagnets 10,11 and non-collinear ...Eight short months ago, hemp was the fastest growing crop in US agriculture. Now, farmers have slashed hemp acreage by nearly 70%. Eight short months ago, hemp was the fastest grow...magnon, small quantity of energy corresponding to a specific decrease in magnetic strength that travels as a unit through a magnetic substance. In a magnetic substance, such as …Abstract. Antiferromagnets are promising platforms for transduction and transmission of quantum information via magnons—the quanta of spin waves—and they offer advantages over ferromagnets in ...In good agreement with the simulation data shown in Fig. 1D, the parametric magnon modes, with frequencies f− and f+, are resonant to the spin defects at ∣ B ∣ = 90 mT and ∣ B ∣ = 115 mT, respectively, and couple to the VSi (V2) with a spin-magnon coupling strength g.Cro-Magnon 1 is a middle-aged, male skeleton of one of the four adults found in the cave at Cro-Magnon. Scientists estimate his age at death at less than 50 years old. Except for the teeth, his skull is complete, though the bones in his face are noticeably pitted from a fungal infection. While the Cro-Magnon remains are representative of the ...May 28, 2019 · We address the theory of magnon-phonon interactions and compute the corresponding quasiparticle and transport lifetimes in magnetic insulators, with a focus on yttrium iron garnet at intermediate temperatures from anisotropy- and exchange-mediated magnon-phonon interactions, the latter being derived from the volume dependence of the Curie temperature. We find in general weak effects of phonon ... A Quantum Tango between Magnons and Phonons. A nanopatterned magnetic structure features an unprecedently strong coupling between lattice vibrations and quantized spin waves, which could lead to novel ways of manipulating quantum information. Figure 1: In a nanopatterned magnetic structure illuminated by a short laser pulse, magnons and photons ...While in the latter classes the magnon drag of orbital momentum is nonvanishing, a precursor of prominent magnon-driven orbital phenomena is a large topological orbital susceptibility κ TO in a ...Cro-Magnon, population of early Homo sapiens dating from the Upper Paleolithic Period (c. 40,000 to c. 10,000 years ago) in Europe. They were robustly built and powerful and are …magnon modes of a sphere are shown in Fig. 1. The phase structure associated with the magnon modes can be related to the OAM. A general magnon mode has a complex magnetization profile [18,40,41]. Most of them are hybrid OAM modes except the families ðn;m ¼ nÞ and ðn;m ¼ n−1Þ which are pure OAM eigenmodes [23]. For these two …Fundamentals of Magnonics is a textbook for beginning graduate students in the areas of magnetism and spintronics. The level of presentation assumes only basic knowledge of the origin of magnetism and electromagnetism, and quantum mechanics. The book utilizes elementary mathematical derivations, aimed mainly at explaining the physical concepts ...Kieran Flanagan of Hubspot says most tech/SaaS companies are good on the educational side, but short on the inspirational side. Inspiration and education. They’re the keys to moder...Achieving this via second-order magnon–magnon mixing can induce new excitation modes as well as nonlinear data processing without signal distortion. Furthermore, it is an all-optical technique ...Hybridized Magnon-Phonon excitations. In Y 3 Fe 5 O 12 (YIG) the magnon dispersion crosses the phonon dispersion, which results due to magnetoeleastic coupling in hybridized magnon-phonon excitations. (a) Using inhomogeneous magnetic fields enables to directly explore the coherent conversion from magnon to phonon modes.Apr 15, 2021 · Spin waves, whose quanta are called magnons, are propagating excitations of magnetic materials. Magnonics is an emerging field of modern condensed matter physics that aims to study and utilize the properties and behaviors of magnons. The topological magnon band is an interesting topic of magnonics, and nontrivial topology is usually accompanied ... magnon waveguidings with the magnon-based data processing [38]. Furthermore, the reconfigurable [37] and dynamic [38, 39] MCs demonstrate a potential for the realization of universal data processing units, which can perform different operations with data on demand. Moving magnonic crystals represent a special class of dynamic and tunable ...May 6, 2019 · Coherent (right) or thermal, incoherent magnons (left) are generated in a magnetic system. The magnon current is then split into two beams, each of which is measured at a different detector. Correlations between the signals from the two detectors then reveal the degree of coherence of the magnons. In 1956, the astrophysicists Robert Hanbury ... A spin wave is a propagating disturbance in local magnetic ordering; the magnon is the spin-wave quantum, a boson, associated with the flip of a single spin. Spin waves, which propagate in magnetic materials, have wavelengths in the nanometer range and frequencies in the gigahertz–terahertz range. Information transport and processing by spin ...an entangled magnon pair in a common cavity39 or across two cavities40. Magnon Kerr effect41, magnetostrictive ef-fect42, magneto-opticaleffects43, and anti-ferromagneticcou-plings44,45 are also meaningful to witness magnon entangle-ment measured by logarithmic negativity. Recently, a single-photon state is distilled from the unwanted vacuum ...The magnon modes in the (H,K,0) reciprocal plane are shown in Fig. 3A, where two branches, namely, the acoustic and optical modes, can be easily distinguished, and the magnon modes along [1,1,L] directions, dictated by the interlayer exchange interactions, are shown in Fig. 3B. As expected, the acoustic mode has a stronger dispersion than the ...Nonlinear magnonics studies the nonlinear interaction between magnons and other physical platforms (phonon, photon, qubit, spin texture) to generate novel magnon states for information processing. In this Tutorial, we first introduce the nonlinear interactions of magnons in pure magnetic systems and hybrid magnon–phonon and magnon–photon ...In good agreement with the simulation data shown in Fig. 1D, the parametric magnon modes, with frequencies f− and f+, are resonant to the spin defects at ∣ B ∣ = 90 mT and ∣ B ∣ = 115 mT, respectively, and couple to the VSi (V2) with a spin-magnon coupling strength g.Magnon eg+ provides agile, efficient and brand enhancing content capabilities that are indispensable in today's world. Creative Production . World-class content and creative production expertise, spanning across all channels, markets, volumes, and levels of complexity, intensity and creativity.ROKU stock is a beaten-down tech asset that's poised for a comeback as Roku extends its agreement with a famous e-commerce company. A multi-year deal extension with an e-commerce g...Cro-Magnon 1 is a middle-aged, male skeleton of one of the four adults found in the cave at Cro-Magnon. Scientists estimate his age at death at less than 50 years old. Except for the teeth, his skull is complete, though the bones in his face are noticeably pitted from a fungal infection. While the Cro-Magnon remains are representative of the ...Magnon. A magnon in physics is a quasiparticle with magnetic properties. It is not a thing which exists on its own in free space but exists only within the structure being studied usually a crystalline solid. Each atom in a solid has a magnetic field generated by its electrons as they spin. If these spins all align then the solid becomes ...The recently developed hybrid magnonics provides new opportunities for advances in both the study of magnetism and the development of quantum information processing. However, engineering coherent quantum state transfer between magnons and specific information carriers, in particular, mechanical oscillators and solid-state spins, …A magnon is a collective spin wave excitation carrying a single unit of spin angular momentum. The magnon quasi-particles can be viewed as the bosons that quantize the fluctuations in the magnetization of a crystal the same way that phonons quantize lattice vibrations. Here we show how to compute the magnon energy dispersion in GPAW, …In this Perspective, we focus on the recent advances in coherent interactions between magnons and acoustic phonons. 35,40–45 In particular, the capability of exciting and characterizing short-wavelength magnons and phonons has provided a new playground for studying and engineering their interactions, including the achievement of mode … Fundamentals of Magnonics is a textbook for beginning graduate students in the areas of magnetism and spintronics. The level of presentation assumes only basic knowledge of the origin of magnetism and electromagnetism, and quantum mechanics. The book utilizes elementary mathematical derivations, aimed mainly at explaining the physical concepts ... Feeling extremely tired can be the result of any underlying health condition. Sometimes it's the result of overdoing life day after day. Here's a list of 10 common causes of fatigu...Magnon polarons are novel elementary excitations possessing hybrid magnonic and phononic signatures, and are responsible for many exotic spintronic and magnonic phenomena. Despite long-term ...Magnon polarons are novel elementary excitations possessing hybrid magnonic and phononic signatures, and are responsible for many exotic spintronic and magnonic phenomena. Despite long-term ...Cro-Magnon summarizes what scientists think we know about the humans (Homo sapiens) who lived in Europe near the end of the Pleistocene Ice Age, ca. 12,000-45,000 years ago. The book covers these “Cro-Magnons” ancestral origins in Africa, debates about their interactions with indigenous Eurasian Neanderthals, the nature of “modern ...Magnon-magnon interaction is the main reason why the true spin-torque amplification of SWs is difficult to achieve. In standard magnetic systems, ...A magnon corresponds to the specific amount of energy required to change the magnetization of a material via a collective excitation called a spin wave. Like electronics or photonics, magnonics is ...Delta's offering discounted award flights to London, but only for a limited time. Update: Some offers mentioned below are no longer available. View the current offers here. Want to...__-Magnon. Crossword Clue Here is the answer for the crossword clue __-Magnon last seen in Newsday puzzle. We have found 9 possible answers for this clue in our database. Among them, one solution stands out with a 95% match which has a length of 3 letters. We think the likely answer to this clue is CRO. Crossword Answer:To be among the top ten most respected marketing performance companies in Asia, with pan-India presence, integrating current and future service verticals like advertising, …This question is about SoFi @rhandoo2020 • 03/24/23 This answer was first published on 04/22/21 and it was last updated on 03/24/23.For the most current information about a financi...Magnon A magnon is the quantum of a spin wave excitation in a magnetically ordered ground state, i.e. a coherent precession of the spins around their equilibrium direction. From: Physics Reports , 2022Dec 13, 2021 · In this state, the competition between Zeeman energy and exchange interactions may allow for magnon generation or the formation of a spin skyrmion texture 5,6,7. The latter is a topologically non ... Clue: __-Magnon. __-Magnon is a crossword puzzle clue that we have spotted over 20 times. There are related clues (shown below).Quantum Control of a Single Magnon in a Macroscopic Spin SystemIn contrast, magnons in the skyrmion lattice are expected to form emergent Landau levels with a characteristic cyclotron energy Ecycl = ħe |〈 Bem 〉|/ m. Using A UC = 3 a 2 / 2 for the area of the magnetic unit cell with lattice constant a = 4 π / 3 k SkL, this amounts to E cycl / E c2 = 3 / π k SkL / k h 2 ≈ 3 / π.Nonlinear magnonics studies the nonlinear interaction between magnons and other physical platforms (phonon, photon, qubit, spin texture) to generate novel magnon states for information processing. In this Tutorial, we first introduce the nonlinear interactions of magnons in pure magnetic systems and hybrid magnon–phonon and magnon–photon ...Spin wave. In condensed matter physics, a spin wave is a propagating disturbance in the ordering of a magnetic material. These low-lying collective excitations occur in magnetic lattices with continuous symmetry. From the equivalent quasiparticle point of view, spin waves are known as magnons, which are bosonic modes of the spin lattice that ... A magnon is a quasiparticle, a collective excitation of the spin structure of an electron in a crystal lattice. In the equivalent wave picture of quantum mechanics, a magnon can be viewed as a quantized spin wave. Magnons carry a fixed amount of energy and lattice momentum, and are spin-1, indicating they obey boson behavior. We report the direct observation of strong coupling between magnons and phonons in a two-dimensional antiferromagnetic semiconductor FePS 3, via magneto-Raman spectroscopy at magnetic fields up to 30 Tesla.A Raman-active magnon at 121 cm − 1 is identified through Zeeman splitting in an applied magnetic field. At a field-driven …Cro-Magnon 1 is a middle-aged, male skeleton of one of the four adults found in the cave at Cro-Magnon. Scientists estimate his age at death at less than 50 years old. Except for the teeth, his skull is complete, though the bones in his face are noticeably pitted from a fungal infection. While the Cro-Magnon remains are representative of the ...Magnon. En magnon är en kvasipartikel som beskriver elektronernas spinnstruktur i en kristall. Den ekvivalenta motsvarigheten i kvantmekanik är en kvantiserad spinnvåg. Som en kvasipartikel har en magnon alltid samma energi och kristallrörelsemängd. Den har också spinnet of ħ (där ħ är Diracs konstant ).Magnon Crossword Clue Answers are listed below. Did you came up with a solution that did not solve the clue? No worries we keep a close eye on all the clues and update them regularly with the correct answers. MAGNON Crossword Solution. CRO; Last confirmed on June 12, 2018 .Clue: ___-Magnon. ___-Magnon is a crossword puzzle clue that we have spotted over 20 times. There are related clues (shown below).Unlike optically induced spin waves 9,10,11,12,13,14, this terahertz-frequency magnon excitation via SOT is linear with the amplitude of the terahertz field, which allows us to achieve coherent ...a, Magnon dispersion with a magnetic field applied at θ ab = 2° to the a axis. Inset: definition of θ ab.The observed avoided crossing demonstrates the coherent hybridization between the bright ...During the Last Ice Age, Europe was a cold, dry place teeming with mammoths, woolly rhinoceroses, reindeer, bison, cave bears, cave hyenas, and cave lions. It was also the home of people physically indistinguishable from humans today, commonly known as the Cro-Magnons. Our knowledge of them comes from either their skeletons or the tools, art ...Magnon polarons are novel elementary excitations possessing hybrid magnonic and phononic signatures, and are responsible for many exotic spintronic and magnonic phenomena. Despite long-term ...The Joule heating free magnon spintronics advances conventional electronics but demands more magnon-based logic operations. Here the authors achieved the magnon spin valve functionality in a ...See Greg Stone's review of Singapore Airlines new business class product as he flew from London to Singapore on the A380. The photos are incredible! We may be compensated when you ...Nonlinear magnonics studies the nonlinear interaction between magnons and other physical platforms (phonon, photon, qubit, spin texture) to generate novel magnon states for information processing. In this Tutorial, we first introduce the nonlinear interactions of magnons in pure magnetic systems and hybrid magnon–phonon and magnon–photon ...The magnon currents carry spin angular momentum efficiently without involving moving electrons through a 25-nanometer-thick NiO layer. The magnon torque is sufficient to control the magnetization, which is comparable with previously observed electrical spin torque ratios. This research, which is relevant to the energy-efficient …To be among the top ten most respected marketing performance companies in Asia, with pan-India presence, integrating current and future service verticals like advertising, …Magnonics or magnon spintronics is an emerging field focusing on generating, detecting, and manipulating magnons. As charge-neutral quasi-particles, magnons are promising information carriers because of their low energy dissipation and long coherence length. In the past decade, topological phases in magnonics have attracted intensive attention ...Jan 1, 2015 · The splitting of a magnon into a magnon and phonon (Fig. 4g) is the direct magnetic analog of the phenomenon of Cherenkov radiation: the emission of electromagnetic energy when a charged particle passes through a dielectric medium at a speed exceeding the electromagnetic phase velocity. This process is restricted to situations in which the ... May 28, 2019 · We address the theory of magnon-phonon interactions and compute the corresponding quasiparticle and transport lifetimes in magnetic insulators, with a focus on yttrium iron garnet at intermediate temperatures from anisotropy- and exchange-mediated magnon-phonon interactions, the latter being derived from the volume dependence of the Curie temperature. We find in general weak effects of phonon ... Magnon dispersion relations for MnF 2 with no applied field with the wave vector along the c-axis. Symbols represent inelastic neutron scattering data at three temperatures, 58 and the solid lines represent the dispersions calculated for the same temperatures with Eqs. and and with the magnon energy renormalization in Eqs. and .This paper investigates the magnon-phonon interaction in the strong coupling region and its effect on the electromagnetic wave radiation from a ferromagnetic insulator.Share buybacks are down sharply. By clicking "TRY IT", I agree to receive newsletters and promotions from Money and its partners. I agree to Money's Terms of Use and Privacy Notice...Cro-Magnon 1 is a middle-aged, male skeleton of one of the four adults found in the cave at Cro-Magnon. Scientists estimate his age at death at less than 50 years old. Except for the teeth, his skull is complete, though the bones in his face are noticeably pitted from a fungal infection. While the Cro-Magnon remains are representative of the ...Magnon Crossword Clue Answers are listed below. Did you came up with a solution that did not solve the clue? No worries we keep a close eye on all the clues and update them regularly with the correct answers. MAGNON Crossword Solution. CRO; Last confirmed on June 12, 2018 .We develop a theory for the dynamics of a magnon on top of a domain wall in a ferromagnetic nanotube. Due to the geometry of the sample, domain walls are classified by the Skyrmion charge which counts the winding number of magnetic textures. The domain wall with a non-zero Skyrmion charge generates an emergent magnetic field for …3.1. Magnetic materials and devices. In a hybrid magnonic system, it is always essential to include at least one magnetic material that supports magnon excitation, regardless of the specific implementation details. The most commonly used magnetic materials include yttrium iron garnet (YIG) and permalloy (Py).The two answers given so far are wrong. A magnon is an excitation carrying spin-$1$. A spinon is an excitation carryong spin-$\frac {1} {2}$. This has nothing to do with it being an excitation above a ferro- or antiferromagnet. The difference is much more dramatic, such that magnons are 'normal'/standard, yet spinons are very special.While searching our database we found 1 possible solution for the: __-Magnon crossword clue. This crossword clue was last seen on January 12 2024 LA Times Crossword puzzle. The solution we have for __-Magnon has a total of 3 letters.Omul de Cro-Magnon. Omul de Cro-Magnon sau Homo sapiens fossilis (în franceză Homme de Cro-Magnon) a fost un reprezentant timpuriu al Omului contemporan din Europa, care a trăit cu 40-12.000 de ani în urmă ( paleoliticul superior).A magnon is a collective spin wave excitation carrying a single unit of spin angular momentum. The magnon quasi-particles can be viewed as the bosons that quantize the fluctuations in the magnetization of a crystal the same way that phonons quantize lattice vibrations. Here we show how to compute the magnon energy dispersion in GPAW, …마그논 (Magnon)은 자기 양자 (Magnetic quantum)의 줄여진 신조어로 양자화 된 스핀 파동을 뜻한다. 마그논은 결정 격자에서 전자의 스핀 구조가 집단적으로 여기되는 준입자이다. 양자역학의 등가파 그림에서 마그논은 양자화된 스핀파로 볼 수 있다.The two answers given so far are wrong. A magnon is an excitation carrying spin-$1$. A spinon is an excitation carryong spin-$\frac {1} {2}$. This has nothing to do with it being an excitation above a ferro- or antiferromagnet. The difference is much more dramatic, such that magnons are 'normal'/standard, yet spinons are very special.Two-magnon scattering has been reported in Raman spectra of other AFM materials, e.g., LiMnPO 4 34,35. The narrow linewidth of the two magnon scattering peaks in MBT is somewhat surprising and ...It is an all-optical technique, which enables simultaneous extraction of both magnon and phonon dynamics when a balanced photodetector configuration is used. Credit: Sujung KimClue: ___-Magnon. ___-Magnon is a crossword puzzle clue that we have spotted over 20 times. There are related clues (shown below).Coherent (right) or thermal, incoherent magnons (left) are generated in a magnetic system. The magnon current is then split into two beams, each of which is measured at a different detector. Correlations between the signals from the two detectors then reveal the degree of coherence of the magnons. In 1956, the astrophysicists Robert Hanbury ...Spin waves and their quanta magnons are the dynamic eigen-excitations of a magnetic system. They provide the basis for the description of spatial and temporal evolution of the magnetization distribution of a magnetic object. The unique features of spin waves such as the possibility to carry spin information over relatively long distances, the ...the control of one magnon current by another, for suppression or amplification [2-4, 46, 47]. Such magnon-magnon interactions were used for the realization of a magnon transistor and they open access to all-magnon integrated magnon circuits [24]. The field of science that refers to information transport and processing by spin waves is knownAug 31, 2020 · We find it convenient to introduce the equilibrium magnon-squeezing physics first and later place it in the context of the more mature and widely known nonequilibrium squeezing phenomenon. 28,29,31,32 Magnons in a ferromagnet admit single-mode squeezing mediated by the relatively weak spin-nonconserving interactions, 16,17 thereby providing an apt start of the discussion. Feeling extremely tired can be the result of any underlying health condition. Sometimes it's the result of overdoing life day after day. Here's a list of 10 common causes of fatigu...It exploits magnon properties instead of current, with vibrations being used to change the value of the input going to the logic gate as interference between waves occurs. Based on the amplitude and phase of the interacting waves, the logic gate spits out one of its binary values in a predetermined wave. Ironically, this gate may perform better ...

magnon, small quantity of energy corresponding to a specific decrease in magnetic strength that travels as a unit through a magnetic substance. In a magnetic substance, such as …. Eris powers

___-magnon

Abstract. Cavity magnonics deals with the interaction of magnons — elementary excitations in magnetic materials — and confined electromagnetic fields. We introduce the basic physics and review the experimental and theoretical progress of this young field that is gearing up for integration in future quantum technologies.Jan 30, 2020 · Magnon-phonon interactions in magnon spintronics. D.A. Bozhko, V.I. Vasyuchka, A.V. Chumak, A.A. Serga. Nowadays, the interaction between phonon and magnon subsystems of a magnetic medium is a hot topic of research. The complexity of phonon and magnon spectra, the existence of both bulk and surface modes, the quantization effects, and the ... Physical Review Link ManagerAndroid: If you're looking for a new and better music player for your Android phone, or if the app you love is shutting down and you need a replacement, AppDJ is an app discovery t...A corollary is that photons have much longer coherence lengths, while magnons provide a compact platform for quantum 30 effects and manipulation via interactions. The latter point partly allows the unique niche of magnon squeezing to be discussed here. In essence, the two fields are complementary and can gain from each other.The main motivation behind the development of the magnon transistor is the possibility to perform all-magnon processing of digital data. As was shown in the original papers on spin-wave logic ...The two answers given so far are wrong. A magnon is an excitation carrying spin-$1$. A spinon is an excitation carryong spin-$\frac {1} {2}$. This has nothing to do with it being an excitation above a ferro- or antiferromagnet. The difference is much more dramatic, such that magnons are 'normal'/standard, yet spinons are very special.It is an all-optical technique, which enables simultaneous extraction of both magnon and phonon dynamics when a balanced photodetector configuration is used. Credit: Sujung KimMagnons are collective spin excitations that can propagate over long distances — an attractive trait for information-transfer technologies — but we need to …This shows that the fluxon–magnon interaction allows for the electrical characterization of the vortex lattice, and it also enables the creation of a reprogrammable magnonic crystal whose period ...Oct 26, 2020 · A Quantum Tango between Magnons and Phonons. A nanopatterned magnetic structure features an unprecedently strong coupling between lattice vibrations and quantized spin waves, which could lead to novel ways of manipulating quantum information. Figure 1: In a nanopatterned magnetic structure illuminated by a short laser pulse, magnons and photons ... Delta's offering discounted award flights to London, but only for a limited time. Update: Some offers mentioned below are no longer available. View the current offers here. Want to...magnon waveguidings with the magnon-based data processing [38]. Furthermore, the reconfigurable [37] and dynamic [38, 39] MCs demonstrate a potential for the realization of universal data processing units, which can perform different operations with data on demand. Moving magnonic crystals represent a special class of dynamic and tunable ...The moiré magnon features are expected to be the most visible at the bottom of the magnon band due to the folding into the moiré Brillouin zone (see Figure 1f). In addition, the higher energy inelastic excitations are less intense in the experimental spectra, which can be understood through magnon–magnon interation effects.Physical Review Link Managermagnon, small quantity of energy corresponding to a specific decrease in magnetic strength that travels as a unit through a magnetic substance. In a magnetic substance, such as …magnon modes of a sphere are shown in Fig. 1. The phase structure associated with the magnon modes can be related to the OAM. A general magnon mode has a complex magnetization profile [18,40,41]. Most of them are hybrid OAM modes except the families ðn;m ¼ nÞ and ðn;m ¼ n−1Þ which are pure OAM eigenmodes [23]. For these two ….

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